When artificial intelligence (AI) is embraced, systemic issues can jeopardize women’s safety, and prevalent gender biases in commonly used AI systems can impede the positive utilization of AI in the realm of peace and security in South-East Asia. The women human rights defenders (WHRDs) and women’s Civil Society Organizations (WCSOs) in the area are particularly vulnerable to cyber threats, unable to adequately prepare for or recover from potential cyber-attacks. A recent study conducted by UN Women and the United Nations University Institute in Macau (UNU Macau) delves into the intricate connections between AI, digital security, and the women, peace, and security (WPS) agenda in South-East Asia, shedding light on the urgent need to address these issues.
The research emphasizes how the adoption of AI could add USD 1 trillion to the GDP of South-East Asian countries by 2030. However, to fully realize the benefits of these technologies, it is essential to understand and mitigate the risks they pose, particularly in relation to gender biases. The report underlines four types of gender biases in AI – discrimination, stereotyping, exclusion, and insecurity – that must be rectified for the region to fully leverage technological advancements. It delves into the potential of AI for peace, neutral AI, and AI for conflict, highlighting both the positive and negative effects on gender-responsive peace efforts and women’s agency in peacebuilding.
Moreover, the study delves into the cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities faced by WHRDs and WCSOs in South-East Asia. It emphasizes that while there is a growing awareness of the risks women face in the digital realm, there is a lack of understanding of the gendered nature of cybersecurity threats. The research reveals that WCSOs and WHRDs are specifically targeted for misogynistic and sexualized harassment due to the nature of their work, with detrimental impacts on their ability to carry out their missions effectively. Cyber threats such as online harassment, trolling, and doxxing disproportionately affect these organizations, leading to disruptions, reputational damage, and even harm or injury.
The study puts forth recommendations to enhance cybersecurity practices and promote cyber-resilience among WHRDs and WCSOs in the region. It calls for inclusive and collaborative approaches to cybersecurity policy development, emphasizing the need to build the capacity of civil society, government entities, private-sector actors, and other stakeholders to prevent and respond to cyber threats effectively. The report stresses the importance of addressing at-risk individuals and organizations, particularly women’s groups operating in politically volatile and conflict-affected settings where civic space is progressively shrinking.
The research conducted by UN Women and UNU Macau sheds light on the critical issues of gender biases in AI and cybersecurity threats faced by women in South-East Asia. By addressing these challenges and implementing the recommended measures, stakeholders can work towards creating a safer and more inclusive digital environment for WHRDs and WCSOs in the region. Through continued efforts and awareness-raising, the goal of promoting women’s safety, peace, and security in the digital world can be achieved.
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